Type of sentences

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1.     Simple sentences

2.     Compound sentences

3.     Complex sentences

4.     Compound Complex sentences

1.Simple sentences

a.     Also known as independent clause (can stand alone.)

b.     Has (at least) a subject and a verb.

c.     A complete thought.

Example:

1.     I like apples.

2.     I like apples and oranges.

3.     My brother and I like apples.

4.     My brother and I like apples and oranges and eat them everyday.

2. Compound sentences

a.     Two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.

b.     Coordinators: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so. (Fan Boys)

c.     Coordinators always preceded by a comma.

Example:

1.     I like apples, and he likes oranges.

2.     I eat apples, but he doesn’t eat apples.

3.     He dislikes apples, yet he ate one.

3.    Complex sentences

a.     One independent clause joined by one or more dependent

clauses. (cannot stand alone.)

b.     Always has a subordinator (although, because, since, when,

after) or relative clause. (that, which, who)

Example:

1.     When he came home, his mother hugged him.

2.     I clapped loudly my son went up on stage.

3.     I love English because it is interesting.

4.     After she left, her parents arrived.

4. Compound Complex sentence

a.     Two independent clauses with one or more dependent clause.

b.     Will contain both coordinators and Subordinators.

Example:

1.     Although I like to go camping I haven’t had the time to go likely,

and I haven’t found anyone to go with.

2.     We decided that the movie was too violent, but our children, who

like to watch scary movie, although that we were wrong.

Sentence Errors

1.     Fragments

2.     Run-on

3.     Comma splices

1.    Sentence fragment

-         A fragment is an incomplete sentence.

-         What are fragment missing?

It might be missing.

·       A verb.

·       A subject.

It can have a subject and verb but doesn’t express a complete thought.

Example:

1.     Should have gone to the movies. (fragment)

This is missing a subject.

2.     The amazed family. (a fragment)

This is missing verb.

3.     Jorge enjoys!

This have a subject and a verb, but it doesn’t express a complete

thought.

1.1 Common types of fragment

          The first type of fragment is dependent clause.

1.     Dependent clause fragment.

This happens when wrong a dependent word in the beginning of a sentence.

2.     Dependent words. (some common dependent words)

After, as, because, before, even of, it, since, when, unless, while.

Example

1.     After Christina saw the accident.

To fix this, either remove the dependent word.

(after)        like this

          Christina saw the accident.

Or

By completing the thought.

Like this

® After Christina saw the accident she fainted!

3.     Common types of fragment error

                   Is when

Forgetting the subject

This fragment have a verb, but they are missing the subject.

Example:

Finished all her homework.

To fix this, we just need to add a subject.

Like this

® Marra finished all her homework.

4.     Common types of fragment. (error)

1.2 Ing-fragments

When we use a word ending in –ing at the beginning of a sentence it sometimes becomes a fragment.

1.     Hoping to finish on time.

To fix this we need to add a subject.

Linking verb was and the rest.

® Maricarmen was hoping to finish on time.

1.3 Common fragment (error)

To fragments

This is when a word group begins with the word “To”.

1.     To the park.

To fix this we need to add a subjected and a verb.

® Cesar took his dog to the park.

1.4 Common types of fragments

Example fragment

This is when wring the words like: including, such as, and for example in the beginning of a group.

1.     Such as pizza.

To fix this we need to add a subject and complete thought.

® German likes to cook his favorite foods such as pizza, when he is at home.

1.5 Sentence fragment

Sentence fragment simply means incomplete ideas.

I show you three examples.

Example:

1.     Because many people now have cell phones.

2.     Craing being the most talented person on his hockey team.

3.     For example, the introduction of laptops into the classroom.

*How to revise it (add indep-cl)

1.     Because many people now have cell phones, public pay phones are becoming hard to find.

2.     Craing is the most talented person on his hockey team.

(the problem is the verb that is not the main verbs like being a gerund, to infinitive, so it has to change the verb tense)

3.     For example, the introduction of laptop into the classroom has been successful.

(No verb, Add V) Þ Finite V

2.    Comma splice and Run-on

What is a comma splice and run-on (or fused) sentence?

® The comma splice and run-on (or fused) sentence are punctuation errors.

What do these terms mean? How can we correct or avoid these

errors?

® Comma splice occurs when only a comma separates two independent sentences.

® A run-on (or fused) sentence occurs when no punctuation at all separates independent sentences.

® Run-on sentences are when you put two or more independent clauses in one sentence without the proper punctuation. In fact, usually with no punctuation at all.

Run-on sentence example:

1.     Amada has a good job she never has to worry about money.

It is a run-on sentence because it has two complete ideas and no punctuation, so in order to fix that either a comma or a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon.

Revise

1.     Amanda has a good job, so he never has to worry about money.

Or

1.     Amanda has a good job; she never has to worry about money.

Comma splices

Correct or incorrect.

1.     Black bears are beautiful, they have shiny coasts.

2.     I love watching movie, I hate watching TV.

3.     My friend a student at the university of Toronto, lives on campus.

4.     I watched soccer yesterday, it was boring.

3. How to correct a comma splice?

1.     Black bears are beautiful. They have shiny coats.

Or Black bears are beautiful; they have shiny coats.

Or Black bears are beautiful Because they are have shiny coats.

Since they are have shiny coats.

When they are have shiny coats.

if they are have shiny coats.

Or Black bears are beautiful, but they have shiny coats. (we coordinating conjunction or fragments)

3.1 Formula (How to fix comma splice)

1.     Use a period between two independent clauses (.)

2.     Use a comma and coordinating conjunction (, coor-)

3.     Use a semicolon between two independent clauses (;)

4.     Use subordinating conjunction (conj-Adv) preceded by a semicolon between an independent clause (; conj-Adv)

3.2 Comma splices

What are comma splices?

Comma splices is two sentences combined with just a comma.

Ex: The dog ran quickly, he loves to run.

* How to fix it.

There are options.

1.     Break it up into two sentences. (independent clause)

2.     Add a FANBOYS

3.     Change a comma into a semicolon

4.     Use one of subordinating conjunction between two independent clauses. (sub-conj), (cannot connect two idea)

1.     Break it up into two sentences

Ex: The dog runs quickly. He loves to run.

2.     Add a FANBOYS after a comma.

Ex: The dog run quickly, and he loves to run.

3.     Replace a comma with semicolon.

Ex: The dog runs quickly; he loves to run.

4.     The dog runs quickly; therefore, he loves to runs.